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PAPERFLOW · EDITORIAL SAMPLE
A habit in 21 days? There is no universal clock.
Have three weeks passed, but repeating a routine still takes effort? A review brought together 20 studies with 2,601 participants and found no universal timeline for forming habits.
What it investigated
The review examined how health-related habits form. Only four of the included studies directly reported how long habit formation took.
What it found
Two studies reported medians of 59 and 66 days, with large differences between people. These are findings from separate studies: they do not form a pooled estimate or replace the 21-day rule with a 66-day rule.
A timeline observed in a study is not a deadline for everyone.
What it cannot show
The behaviors and methods studied differed, and the measures relied on self-reports. Limited and varied data prevented a meta-analysis of formation time. The evidence cannot establish a deadline that applies to everyone.
Singh, Murphy, Maher and Smith · Healthcare, 2024.
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DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12232488 · CC BY 4.0. English adaptation; this does not imply endorsement by the authors.